demographic economics

Demographic economics studies how population trends—such as birth rates, aging, migration, and mortality—affect a country’s economy. It examines how changes in the size and structure of populations influence labor markets, economic growth, public spending, and social services. For example, an aging population may increase healthcare costs and reduce workforce size, potentially slowing economic growth. Understanding these dynamics helps policymakers plan for future economic challenges and opportunities by aligning social programs, employment strategies, and economic policies with demographic realities.