Delta-V (mathematics)

Delta-V (Δv) is a measure of the change in velocity a spacecraft can achieve using its engines, representing the amount of "push" needed to alter its speed or direction. Mathematically, it’s often calculated using the Tsiolkovsky rocket equation, which relates the initial and final mass of a rocket to its velocity change, considering the efficiency of its propellant. In essence, delta-V quantifies the vehicle's maneuvering capability, helping engineers determine if a spacecraft can reach its destination or perform specific maneuvers within its fuel constraints.