DECO (decompression) theory

DECO (decompression) theory explains how divers safely ascend to avoid harmful nitrogen bubbles forming in their bodies. When divers breathe compressed air underwater, nitrogen dissolves into their tissues under pressure. As they ascend, pressure decreases, and nitrogen must be released gradually. If ascent is too rapid, nitrogen can form bubbles, causing decompression sickness or "the bends." DECO theory guides staged, controlled ascents and safety stops, allowing nitrogen to safely off-gas from tissues. It uses models to predict optimal ascent rates and decompression stops, minimizing the risk of bubble formation and ensuring safe return to surface pressure.