decay chains

A decay chain is a series of transformations that certain unstable atomic nuclei undergo as they release energy and particles. When an unstable atom decays, it often transforms into another element or isotope, which may also be unstable. This process continues in a sequential manner, creating a "chain" of decaying substances until a stable end product is formed. Each step in the chain can involve different types of decay, such as alpha or beta decay, leading to different elements or isotopes along the way. Understanding decay chains helps in fields like nuclear physics and radiological safety.