David Kolb (experiential learning)

David Kolb’s experiential learning theory suggests that people learn best through a cycle of hands-on experience, reflection, conceptual understanding, and experimentation. He identifies four key stages: concrete experience (actively doing), reflective observation (thinking about the experience), abstract conceptualization (forming theories or ideas), and active experimentation (applying what’s learned). Learning is most effective when individuals move through these stages repeatedly, allowing them to develop skills and knowledge by directly engaging with real-world activities, then analyzing and applying those insights to new situations.