Darwin's observations

Darwin observed that certain species produce more offspring than can survive, leading to competition for resources. Within populations, individuals show variations—some are better suited to their environment. Those with advantageous traits are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing these traits to the next generation. Over time, this process, natural selection, causes species to gradually change and adapt to their surroundings, explaining the diversity of life we see today. Darwin’s observations highlight the ongoing, dynamic process by which living organisms evolve through inherited differences and environmental pressures.