Czar Nicholas II

Czar Nicholas II was the last Emperor of Russia, ruling from 1894 until his abdication in 1917 during the Russian Revolution. His reign was marked by political turmoil, military defeats in World War I, and social unrest due to widespread poverty and oppression. Nicholas II was committed to autocracy and resisted modern reforms, which alienated many Russians. After his abdication, he and his family were placed under house arrest and executed by Bolshevik revolutionaries in 1918. Nicholas II's reign and the subsequent revolution led to the establishment of the Soviet Union, fundamentally changing Russia's political landscape.