Cytotoxic edema

Cytotoxic edema is a type of brain swelling that occurs when brain cells themselves swell due to a problem with their energy production. Normally, cells maintain a balance of fluids inside and outside, but when this balance is disrupted—often because of poor blood supply or injury—the cells can't get rid of excess water. This causes them to swell, leading to increased pressure within the brain. Cytotoxic edema is commonly seen in conditions like stroke or traumatic brain injury and can impair brain function by constricting blood flow and damaging cells.