cyclic loading theory

Cyclic loading theory explains how materials or structures respond when subjected to repeated, alternating forces or stresses over time. These repeated loads can cause changes in the material's internal structure, leading to fatigue, weakening, or eventual failure even if each individual load is below the material's maximum strength. Understanding this behavior is essential for designing components like bridges, aircraft, or machinery that experience ongoing cyclic stresses, ensuring they remain safe and durable throughout their operational life. This theory helps predict when a material may fail due to the cumulative effect of many small, repetitive loads.