Cyclic AMP (cAMP)

Cyclic AMP (cAMP) is a small chemical messenger inside cells that helps transmit signals from the outside environment to the cell's interior. When a hormone or other signal binds to a cell's surface, it can activate enzymes that produce cAMP. This molecule then activates other proteins, triggering specific responses like gene expression, metabolism changes, or cell movement. Essentially, cAMP acts as a relay that amplifies and directs signals to ensure the cell responds appropriately to its surroundings. It plays a vital role in processes like energy regulation, learning, and immune responses.