CV (specific heat at constant volume)

The specific heat at constant volume (CV) is a measure of how much energy you need to add to a substance to raise its temperature by a certain amount, while keeping its volume unchanged. It reflects the substance's ability to store thermal energy within its molecules. In practical terms, a higher CV means more energy is required to increase the material's temperature, indicating greater thermal capacity at constant volume. This property is important in thermodynamics and helps predict how substances respond to heating under conditions where they cannot expand.