CTD (Conductivity, Temperature, and Depth) instrument

A CTD instrument measures key properties of seawater—Conductivity (which helps determine salinity), Temperature, and Depth. It is used by scientists to understand the physical conditions of the ocean. Conductivity sensors assess how well seawater conducts electricity, revealing its saltiness. Temperature sensors record the water temperature, influencing ocean currents and climate. Depth is measured using pressure sensors, indicating how deep the instrument is below the surface. By collecting this data simultaneously, CTDs help researchers study ocean circulation, marine life habitats, and climate change impacts. They are essential tools for detailed oceanographic analysis and environmental monitoring.