crystal surfaces

Crystal surfaces are the outermost layers of a crystal structure, where the smooth, repeating atomic pattern is exposed. These surfaces can have different shapes and features because atoms at the surface experience different forces than those inside the crystal, leading to variations like steps, terraces, or missing atoms. The nature of these surfaces influences properties such as reactivity, how crystals grow, or how they interact with light. Understanding crystal surfaces is essential in fields like materials science and chemistry, impacting the development of electronics, catalysts, and other advanced technologies.