crystal orientation

Crystal orientation refers to the specific arrangement of atoms within a crystal, which can be visualized as a highly organized, repeating pattern. Imagine looking at a gemstone; the way light reflects and the crystal's properties depend on which direction you're viewing. Different orientations mean the crystal's structure is aligned differently relative to its surface or external forces. This affects characteristics like strength, electrical conductivity, and how the crystal grows. Understanding orientation helps in controlling material properties for various applications, such as semiconductors, jewelry, or strength-critical components.