Cryptography in Number Theory

Cryptography in number theory involves using mathematical concepts, particularly properties of numbers, to secure information. It relies on complex algorithms that often involve prime numbers, modular arithmetic, and specific operations to encrypt (secure) and decrypt (access) data. For example, the widely used RSA algorithm relies on the difficulty of factoring large numbers into their prime components, making it hard for unauthorized users to decipher messages. This application of number theory ensures secure communication in areas like online banking, messaging, and secure transactions, protecting sensitive information from potential threats while enabling privacy and confidentiality.