Cryptococcus (Cryptococcus neoformans)

Cryptococcus neoformans is a type of fungus that naturally exists in the environment, particularly in soil contaminated with bird droppings. It can be inhaled into the lungs, where it may cause an infection called cryptococcosis. In healthy individuals, the immune system often controls or eliminates this fungus, but in people with weakened immunity—such as those with HIV/AIDS or undergoing immunosuppressive therapy—it can lead to serious conditions like meningitis, an infection of the brain and spinal cord. Diagnosis is via laboratory testing, and treatment typically involves antifungal medications to control the infection.