Cryoprotectants

Cryoprotectants are special substances used to protect cells and tissues during freezing by preventing damage from ice crystal formation. When biological material is cooled to very low temperatures, ice can form inside cells, causing structural harm. Cryoprotectants, such as glycerol or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), reduce ice formation and help preserve the integrity of the cells by replacing water and lowering freezing points. This protective effect is essential in fields like cryopreservation, enabling long-term storage of biological specimens, including embryos, cells, and tissues, with minimal damage for future use.