Crossing over

Crossing over is a natural process during cell division where sections of DNA are exchanged between paired chromosomes. This occurs during meiosis, the type of cell division that produces sperm and eggs. As homologous chromosomes align, corresponding segments physically swap places, resulting in new combinations of genes. This genetic shuffling increases diversity in offspring, contributing to variations within a species. Essentially, crossing over is nature's way of mixing genetic material, ensuring that each reproductive cell has a unique set of genes, which promotes adaptability and evolution.