critical flow

Critical flow refers to a condition in fluid dynamics where a fluid moves through a duct or nozzle at its maximum possible rate without causing shock waves or turbulence. At this point, the flow speed reaches the speed of sound within the fluid. It’s a threshold: if the flow goes faster, it creates disturbances; if slower, the flow can be controlled or adjusted. Critical flow is important in engineering systems like jet engines or pipelines because it determines the maximum flow rate achievable without instability, ensuring safety and efficiency in fluid transport.