Cress Theory

Cress Theory explores how leadership impacts group performance, suggesting that the effectiveness of leader behavior depends on the group’s readiness—its ability and willingness to perform a task. When a group is less capable or motivated, a leader should provide more guidance and support. Conversely, when the group is more competent and motivated, the leader can adopt a more hands-off approach. Essentially, it emphasizes adjusting leadership style to match the group's development level, promoting better teamwork and task achievement through flexible guidance tailored to the team's needs.