cranioscopy

Cranioscopy is an outdated technique that involved examining the outer shape and features of a person's skull to infer characteristics of the brain and personality. Historically, practitioners believed that bumps and contours on the skull reflected mental traits or abilities. Today, cranioscopy has been replaced by modern imaging methods like CT and MRI scans, which provide detailed insights into brain structure without relying on skull shape. While it played a role in early attempts to understand the mind-body connection, cranioscopy is now considered scientifically invalid.