Craik and Lockhart's levels of processing theory

Craik and Lockhart’s levels of processing theory suggests that how deeply information is processed affects how well it is remembered. Shallow processing involves basic features like appearance or sound, leading to poor long-term memory. In contrast, deep processing involves meaningful analysis, such as understanding or relating information to existing knowledge, which enhances retention. Essentially, the more effortful and meaningful the processing, the more likely it is that the information will be stored effectively in memory for later recall.