Covariant Formulation of Classical Electromagnetism

The covariant formulation of classical electromagnetism integrates electromagnetic theory with the principles of relativity. It uses a four-dimensional spacetime framework, where events combine three spatial dimensions and time into a single entity. In this formulation, electric and magnetic fields are represented by the electromagnetic field tensor, which transforms neatly under changes in inertial frames. This ensures the laws of electromagnetism hold true for all observers, regardless of their relative motion. It provides a more unified and elegant mathematical framework, demonstrating that electricity and magnetism are connected aspects of the same phenomenon.