coupling

Coupling refers to the degree of dependence between different parts of a system or components within a program. When two components are highly coupled, they rely heavily on each other, meaning changes in one often affect the other. Low coupling indicates that components operate more independently, making the system easier to maintain, update, and troubleshoot. In software design, minimizing coupling is desirable because it promotes modularity and flexibility, ensuring that individual parts can be modified without causing widespread issues.