Counting Sort

Counting Sort is a sorting technique that organizes items based on their values by counting how many times each value appears. It works well when sorting integers within a known, limited range. The process involves creating a count of each value, then using these counts to place items directly into their correct positions in the sorted list, ensuring accurate order. This method is efficient because it avoids comparing each item to others, making it faster than traditional sorts for suitable datasets. However, it requires additional space to store counts and is best for small, fixed ranges of data.