cosmic ray theory

Cosmic ray theory explains how high-energy particles, mostly protons and atomic nuclei, travel through space at near-light speeds, originating from sources like supernovae, black holes, or distant galaxies. When these particles enter Earth's atmosphere, they collide with air molecules, producing showers of secondary particles that can be detected on the ground. Studying cosmic rays helps scientists understand energetic processes in the universe, the composition of matter, and even impacts on Earth's atmosphere and technology. Despite their name, cosmic rays are actually particles, not rays, and their study connects astrophysics with particle physics.