Cosmic Ray Detection

Cosmic ray detection involves capturing particles from space—primarily protons and atomic nuclei—that strike Earth's atmosphere at near-light speeds. When these high-energy particles collide with atmospheric molecules, they produce cascades of secondary particles, known as air showers. Special detectors, such as scintillation counters, cloud chambers, or radio antennas, identify these showers by sensing the secondary particles or the light and radio waves they emit. Studying cosmic rays helps scientists understand their origins, such as supernovae or black holes, and provides insights into high-energy processes in the universe.