core, periphery, semi-periphery

The core, periphery, and semi-periphery are terms used to describe different levels of economic development among countries. Core countries are highly developed, economically powerful, and possess advanced industries and institutions. Periphery countries are less developed, often reliant on exporting raw materials and facing economic challenges. Semi-periphery countries fall between, with some industrialization and economic strength but not as advanced as core nations, often acting as intermediaries in global trade. This model helps explain global economic relationships, where core countries influence and benefit the most, while periphery countries are often vulnerable and dependent.