Coral reefs as ecosystems

Coral reefs are vibrant underwater ecosystems formed by colonies of tiny animals called corals, which create hard, calcium-carbonate structures. These reefs support diverse marine life, offering shelter, food, and breeding grounds for fish, invertebrates, and other species. Reefs are essential for healthy oceans, providing economic benefits through fishing and tourism, and protecting coastlines from erosion and storms. They thrive in warm, shallow waters with abundant sunlight, but are sensitive to environmental changes like pollution, overfishing, and climate change. Protecting coral reefs is crucial for maintaining marine biodiversity and ecosystem health.