coral reef ecology

Coral reef ecology involves a vibrant, diverse community where corals, tiny marine animals that build calcium carbonate structures, form complex habitats. These reefs support numerous species of fish, invertebrates, and algae, creating a balanced ecosystem. Corals rely on a symbiotic relationship with microscopic algae called zooxanthellae, which provide them with energy through photosynthesis. Reefs act as nurseries, protect coastlines from storms, and sustain local economies. They thrive in warm, shallow, clear waters but are vulnerable to pollution, climate change, and ocean acidification, making their conservation vital for ecological and human well-being.