Cooperativity

Cooperativity refers to a process where the binding of a molecule to a larger structure makes it easier or more likely for additional molecules to bind. A common example is hemoglobin, the protein in blood that carries oxygen. When one oxygen molecule attaches to hemoglobin, it changes shape, making it easier for more oxygen molecules to bind. This positive cooperativity allows the body to efficiently load and unload oxygen, especially in tissues needing more oxygen. In essence, cooperativity enhances the responsiveness of biological molecules to their environment through structural changes that influence binding behavior.