convex hull algorithm

The convex hull algorithm finds the smallest convex shape that encloses a set of points in space. Imagine stretching a rubber band around scattered nails on a board; once released, the band tightens to touch only the outermost nails, forming the convex hull. The algorithm identifies these outermost points that define the boundary. Various methods exist, such as Graham scan or Andrew's monotone chain, which systematically process points to efficiently construct this boundary. The convex hull has applications in computer graphics, pattern recognition, and geographic mapping, helping to simplify and understand complex point distributions.