controlled variables

Controlled variables are factors in an experiment that are kept constant to ensure that the test results are due to the variable being tested, not other influences. By maintaining these variables the same across all test groups, researchers can accurately determine the effect of the independent variable. For example, if studying plant growth, controlled variables might include the type of soil, amount of water, and light exposure, so these factors don’t affect the results. Keeping these variables constant helps ensure the experiment's validity and reliable conclusions.