Contour, Contour Crafting, Automated Construction Technologies, Behrokh Khoshnevis, 3D Printing, Architecture, Civil Engineering, Khoshnevis Research, Construction Innovation, Digital Fabrication, Robotics in Construction, Smart Cities, Building Informatio

Contour and Contour Crafting are advanced construction methods utilizing automated technologies like 3D printing and robotics to build structures efficiently. Architect Behrokh Khoshnevis developed Contour Crafting, a digital fabrication process that constructs buildings layer by layer, similar to 3D printing. These innovations impact architecture and civil engineering by enabling faster, cost-effective, and sustainable construction, especially for large-scale projects or disaster relief. Khoshnevis’s research pushes construction innovation through automated systems, reducing labor and waste. In the context of smart cities, these technologies contribute to digital infrastructure and resilient urban environments, advancing building information modeling (BIM) and fostering more intelligent, responsive development.