continuous graph limits

Continuous graph limits are a way to study large networks by capturing their overall structure in a simplified, continuous form. Instead of analyzing each connection individually, mathematicians represent an infinite, smooth object called a "graphon" that describes how likely any two points (representing nodes) are connected. As networks grow bigger, their structure approaches this graphon, allowing us to understand their patterns, behaviors, and properties more easily. This concept helps in analyzing complex networks like social, biological, or technological systems by providing a manageable, continuous model of their large-scale connections.