Constitutional complaints (Verfassungsbeschwerden)

A constitutional complaint (Verfassungsbeschwerde) is a legal way for individuals to challenge laws, government actions, or court decisions if they believe their constitutional rights have been violated. It is filed directly with the Federal Constitutional Court in Germany and serves as a safeguard for fundamental rights like freedom of speech, privacy, and equality. This process allows citizens to seek protection when they feel that their constitutional guarantees are not being upheld, ensuring the constitution remains the ultimate authority in safeguarding individual rights against other branches of government.