congenital hydrocephalus

Congenital hydrocephalus is a condition present at birth where excess cerebrospinal fluid builds up within the brain's ventricles—the channels that contain this fluid. This buildup increases pressure inside the skull, which can cause the head to enlarge, especially in infants, and may lead to brain damage if untreated. Causes can include genetic factors, brain malformations, or blockage of fluid pathways. Treatment often involves surgical procedures, such as installing a shunt to divert the excess fluid to another part of the body where it can be absorbed. Early diagnosis and management are important for better outcomes.