Conduction mechanisms

Conduction is the process of heat transfer through a material without the material itself moving. Think of it like heat spreading through a metal spoon; when one end is heated, atoms and electrons transfer energy to neighboring particles, gradually warming the entire object. In solids, especially metals, free electrons and vibrations of atoms facilitate this energy transfer efficiently. The rate of conduction depends on the material's properties; metals are good conductors, while non-metals like wood are poor conductors. Essentially, conduction involves microscopic energy exchanges that result in macroscopic heat flow within a substance.