Conduction band

The conduction band is a range of energy levels in a material where electrons are free to move and carry electrical current. In solid materials like metals and semiconductors, electrons occupy different energy bands. When electrons have enough energy to reach the conduction band, they can flow easily through the material, enabling electricity to pass. The availability of the conduction band and the ease with which electrons reach it determine how conductive a material is. In insulators, the conduction band is far above the electrons’ current energy, making it hard for electrons to move freely.