Condition number

The condition number of a matrix measures how sensitive the solution of a system of equations is to small changes in the input. A low condition number indicates that even if the input data has slight errors, the solution remains relatively stable and accurate. Conversely, a high condition number suggests that tiny inaccuracies or variations in the input can lead to large errors in the solution, making the problem ill-conditioned. It helps us understand the reliability of computations and whether a problem can be solved accurately or if it's prone to instability.