Concrete-Pictorial-Abstract (CPA)

The Concrete-Pictorial-Abstract (CPA) approach is a teaching method for understanding mathematics. It starts with concrete, hands-on experiences using physical objects (like blocks or counters) to grasp concepts. Next, learners move to pictorial representations, such as drawings or diagrams, to visualize the idea. Finally, they progress to abstract symbols and formulas, like numbers and equations, for precise mathematical reasoning. This structured progression helps students develop a deep, conceptual understanding of math topics, making learning more meaningful and easier to retain.