complexes

In chemistry, a complex is formed when a central metal atom or ion binds to surrounding molecules or ions called ligands. These ligands attach through coordinate bonds, creating a structured arrangement. Complexes are common in processes like catalysis, biological functions, and materials science. The metal provides a core that holds the ligands in specific geometries, which can influence the properties and reactivity of the entire complex. Overall, complexes are building blocks that help organize atoms in specific, functional ways to facilitate various chemical reactions and biological activities.