complex variables

Complex variables refer to quantities that include both a real part and an imaginary part, expressed as a+bi, where "a" is the real part, "b" is the imaginary part, and "i" is the square root of -1. In mathematics, particularly in fields like engineering and physics, they are used to solve problems involving waves, oscillations, and electrical circuits. Complex variables allow for richer solutions and easier computations, as they can capture phenomena that are difficult to represent with only real numbers, providing insights into patterns and behaviors in various scientific contexts.