Complex ions

Complex ions are species formed when a central metal atom or ion bonds with several molecules or ions, known as ligands. These ligands can donate electron pairs to the metal, creating a stable structure. Complex ions play essential roles in various biological processes, industrial applications, and coordination chemistry. For example, hemoglobin in blood is a complex ion that binds oxygen, enabling its transport. The unique properties of complex ions can lead to vibrant colors and varied chemical reactivity, making them significant in both nature and technology.