Competitive inhibition

Competitive inhibition occurs when a substance, called an inhibitor, competes with a natural molecule (substrate) to bind to an enzyme's active site—the specific region where reactions happen. Because both the substrate and inhibitor vie for the same spot, the presence of the inhibitor reduces the enzyme's ability to process its normal substrate. This can slow down or temporarily halt the reaction. However, if more substrate is added, it can outcompete the inhibitor, restoring the enzyme's activity. This process is a way cells regulate enzyme activity and ensure proper control over biochemical reactions.