École nationale d'administration (ENA)

The École Nationale d'Administration (ENA) was a prestigious French graduate school that trained many of the country's top civil servants and political leaders. Founded in 1945, ENA aimed to equip students with the skills needed for high-level public administration. Its rigorous curriculum combined policy analysis, governance, and administrative law. Graduates, known as "énarques," often held significant positions in government and public institutions. In 2021, France announced the closure of ENA, reflecting a desire to reform the civil service training system and make it more accessible and representative of society.