Coefficient of Association

The Coefficient of Association measures the strength and direction of the relationship between two variables or groups. It indicates how closely related they are—whether they tend to increase together, decrease together, or show no clear pattern. Values close to +1 suggest a strong positive association, meaning both tend to move in the same direction. Values near -1 indicate a strong negative association, where one increases while the other decreases. A value around 0 suggests little to no relationship. This metric helps researchers understand if and how two factors are connected in a predictable way.