Coastal defenses

Coastal defenses are structures and strategies designed to protect land and communities from the damaging effects of the sea, such as erosion, storm surges, and flooding. They include seawalls, which are barriers built along the shoreline; groynes and breakwaters that reduce wave energy; and dunes or mangroves that naturally absorb wave impact. These defenses help prevent property damage, safeguard ecosystems, and support sustainable development by managing natural forces. Properly designed coastal defenses are vital for maintaining coastal safety and resilience in the face of rising sea levels and increasing storm activity.