clinical trial phases

Clinical trial phases are steps to test new medical treatments for safety and effectiveness. Phase 1 involves a small group to assess safety and dosage. Phase 2 tests a larger group to evaluate how well the treatment works and identify side effects. Phase 3 expands further, comparing the new treatment to standard options to confirm benefits and monitor adverse reactions. If successful, Phase 4 occurs after approval, continuing to monitor long-term safety. These phases ensure that new treatments are safe and effective before becoming widely available.