Climate change impacts on coral reefs

Climate change impacts coral reefs primarily through increased ocean temperatures and acidity. Warmer waters cause coral bleaching, weakening corals and making them more vulnerable to disease. Higher CO₂ levels also lead to ocean acidification, which reduces the ability of corals to produce their skeletons, weakening reef structures. Additionally, climate change increases the frequency of storms and rising sea levels, causing physical damage. These combined stressors threaten the health and diversity of reefs, which are vital habitats for many marine species, support fishing and tourism, and protect coastlines from erosion.